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my students and I co-authored the José Jiménez test for characters in LatinX SciFi and Futurism today. It was a participatory mid-term. Hat tips to Mako Mori test and to the Bechdel test. Named for the Bill Dana comedy bit about the first LatinX in space from 1961. Hat tip to Rick Griffith for that…
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The real roots of early city states may rip up the textbooks
The real roots of early city states may rip up the textbooks kenyatta: Traditional definitions of the state and its authority hinged on the right to raise taxes, and on its legal monopoly on coercing its people, from punishing and imprisoning them to waging formal war. But as James Scott points out, roughly between 8000…